Sunday, May 24, 2020

Essay On Governess In Jane Eyre - 1227 Words

The process of procuring the governess position at Thornfield Hall is the moment that Jane Eyre steps into a further level of independence that defies the Victorian standards of the time period for women (Godfrey 857). From the moment that Jane posts her advertisement in the Shire Herald, she seizes the possession of her life by her ambition to rise into a higher social class and rely simply own her own ability free from reliance on others (Brontà « 694; Vanden Bossche 47). The desire for this step and the eventual successful â€Å"advancement from her position as teacher at Lowood to private governess† is crucial in Jane Eyre’s journey to complete independence as it is through this transition that Jane undergoes a shift in social status (Godfrey†¦show more content†¦However, this respect is not completely in harmony with the Victorian expectations, resulting from her inferior position as a female breaking into the middle class, as she quickly establishes that Mr. Rochester does not possess the â€Å"right to command [her] merely because [Mr. Rochester is] older† or because he has â€Å"seen more of the world;† Jane believes that Mr. Rochester’s social hierarchy and life experience does not provide him with superiority (Stoneman 36; Brontà « 729). Although Jane’s early time in Thornfield demonstrates a continuous progress in the protagonist’s journey towards independence, the moment that she falls in love with Mr. Rochester this advancement almost reaches a standstill as she accepts his marriage proposal (Brontà « 816). Mr. Rochester, Jane Eyre’s employer at Thornfield as the benefactor of Adele the little girl that Jane tutors and cares for as a governess, is the only obstacle that Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s protagonist faces, one that causes her to waver for an instance in her journey towards independence. As Jane accepts Mr. Rochester’s marriage proposal, she independent choice seems to be in accordance with the impulses for a typical marriage during the Victorian era, to marry based on financial and social status benefits; however her true motive stems from her sincere love for Mr. Rochester and her choice is not effected by social or economic ambitions (Ayyildiz 150). Jane is adamant in her self-perseverance toShow MoreRelatedEssay on Governess Relationships in Brontes Jane Eyre1182 Words   |  5 PagesGoverness Relationships in Brontes Jane Eyre    The Victorian governess suffered socially because of her position. The relationship between her and others that were in her class was strained because of her financial situation. She often suffered from status incongruity. The relationship between a governess and a gentleman was difficult because she was not his financial equal (Peterson 13). While the relationship was strained in her novel Jane Eyre, Bronte leads us to believe that it is notRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Jane Eyre795 Words   |  4 PagesLima Abed Topaz Literary analysis essay 28/11/17 Jane Eyre Life is very hard but it is not impossible. Jane Eyre was a short story which was written by Charlotte Bronte. This story is about a young girl who has no parents, no family and no money. When she was very young she lost her parents. After dead of her parents she faced with many problems in her life. However, she was very young but she had never give up in her life. She was very strong and hard working. And that is how sheRead MoreEssay about Jane Eyre Ap Question861 Words   |  4 PagesTim Kwist AP English Literature and Composition Quinn April 1, 2013 Jane Eyre: AP Question Essay â€Å"Writers often highlight the values of a culture or a society by using characters who are alienated from that culture or society because of gender, race, or creed. Choose a play or novel in which such a character plays a significant role and show how that characters alienation reveals the surrounding societys assumptions and moral values.† Women who had no claim to wealth or beauty receivedRead More Jane Eyre is one of the earliest English novels with a strong, female1551 Words   |  7 PagesJane Eyre is one of the earliest English novels with a strong, female central character. Do you think she sells out by marrying Rochester, thus enabling a conventional, romantic ending to the novel? He stretched his hand out to be led. (Jane) Form start to finish, this novel has had one strong, female central character - Jane Eyre. We see her fight for independence as a female from her childhood right up until her marriage. These ardent, passionate beliefs do not leave her once marriedRead More A Historical View of the Victorian Governess Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesHistorical View of the Victorian Governess    Although the governess serves as the heroine in Jane Eyre, she was not a popular figure in Victorian England. The governess did not have a social position worthy of attention (Peterson 4). Aristocratic and middle-class Victorians were not even sure how to treat the governess. She was from the same class, but her lack of financial stability made them view her as their inferior. Perhaps the clearest definition of the governess was stated by Lady ElizabethRead MoreEssay about Jane Eyre: The Effect of a Patriarchal Society 1721 Words   |  7 PagesCharlotte Brontà « composed her novel Jane Eyre during the Victorian era; a period of history where Patriarchy set the expectations of men and women. The effect of this social system resulted in women suffering discrimination simply because of their gender. Sigmund Freud, in his essay entitled, â€Å"The Relation of the Poet to Day-Dreaming,† articulated that women were only capable of having erotic wishes dominate their â€Å"phanta sies,† and even their ambitious â€Å"phantasies† were rooted in erotic wishes (177)Read MoreThe Importance of Janes Early Life at Lowood to Shaping Her Character in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre1414 Words   |  6 PagesCharacter in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre When Charlotte BrontÃÆ' « set out to write Jane Eyre, she boldly promised her sisters: a heroine as plain and as small as myself, who shall be as interesting as any of yours. As promised, Jane appears decidedly plain, so little, so pale, with features so irregular and so marked, sensible but not at all handsome, queer and a little toad. The novel opens at Gateshead with Jane moving from childhood to pubertyRead More Construction of Love and Gender in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre964 Words   |  4 PagesConstruction of Love and Gender in Jane Eyre      Ã‚   Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte focuses primarily on love, specifically romantic love and it is the way in which Charlotte Bronte challenges 19th century socio-cultural views on gender and romance, as well as other discourses within the novel such as class and status that makes Jane Eyre successful.    The main discourse within Jane Eyre that impacts most greatly upon its feature, romantic love, is the societal classes of the timeRead MoreFighting the Fire: Women in the Victorian Era922 Words   |  4 Pagesthis fire, while Jane is able to wash away these restraints. According to Spivak, the concepts of â€Å"Self and Other† refers to how people are defined by who they are in relation to others; the â€Å"other† allows the Self to exist as empowered (Spivak cited in Rodenburg). In this essay, I will discuss how Antoinette, from Wide Sargasso Sea, and Jane, from Jane Eyre, both face similar challenges throughout their lives, but deal with their pains in different manners. I will argue that both Jane and AntoinetteRead MoreSexism in Jane Eyre1870 Words   |  8 Pages The social system of the Victorian era was one that was heavily influenced by the patriarchal right of men. This social construct favored men while forcing women into submission. Sigmund Freud, in his e ssay entitled â€Å"The Relation of the Poet to Day-Dreaming,† articulated that women were considered capable only of having erotic wishes that dominated their â€Å"phantasies† and that even their ambitious â€Å"phantasies† were rooted in erotic wishes (177). The prevailing thought concerning women during the

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

Masciantonio Case Note and Critique Essay - 1105 Words

Case Note amp; CritiqueMasciantonio v The Queen (1995) 183 CLR 58 Case Note Appellant: Mr. Giovanni MasciantonioRespondent: The Queen Court amp; Year: High Court of Australia 1994 - 1995 Relevant Facts: Appeal from the Supreme Court of Victoria. 19 June 1991 Giovanni Masciantonio had a heated altercation with his son-in-law Maurizio Femia. Altercation resulted in Mr. Femia’s life. Fatal wound being a severed aorta (known as wound 5). Giovanni Masciantonio was convicted of murder in the Supreme Court of Victoria. O’Bryan J trial judge. The defence argued provocation. An appeal was put before the Court of Criminal Appeal Victoria. Reason for the appeal was that the judge had failed to mention provocation to the jury†¦show more content†¦Brennan, Deane, Dawson and Gaudron JJ concluded that the appeal should be allowed and a retrial ordered. Issues: Whether an ordinary person could have regained the self-control in the time between the first and second stage events? Why did the trial judge not direct the jury to the option of provocation as a defence from the jury’s consideration during the second stage of the event? Was there a miscarriage of justice? Decision: Appeal Allowed Retrial Ordered. Ratio: The trial judge inadvertently or not, effectively withdrew from the jury’s consideration the issue of provocation at the second stage of events and since the appellant’s loss of self-control may have continued to that stage, there cannot be said to be no miscarriage of justice. Obiter: That a reasonable jury could conclude the appellant was acting under provocation. Upon the evidence it was open to a jury, properly directed as to the law, to reach that conclusion. Majority Judgments Brennan J Deane J Dawson J Gaudron J Minority Judgments McHugh J Critique The case of Masciantonio v The Queen (1995) 183 CLR 58 (‘Masciantonio’) is a High Court of Australia decision from 1995 that deals with jury direction and provocation and whether the original trial judge caused a miscarriage of justice when he ‘inadvertently or not, effectively withdrew from the jury’s consideration the issue of provocation’ or whether ‘provocation ought not to have been left to the jury at all.’ Another issue

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Hank Williams Free Essays

Hiram King Williams, also known as Hank Williams, was born on September 17, 1923 in Mount Olive, Alabama. His dad was Lon Williams, a locomotive engineer. His mom was Lillie Williams, a church organist. We will write a custom essay sample on Hank Williams or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hank spent most of his childhood in Georgiana and Greenville, Alabama. Hank Williams was a key person in the development of modern country music. He caused a shift in country music from a regional, rural phenomenon to a nationwide, urban acceptance in the late 1940’s. He turned â€Å"hillbilly† music into country music. He became interested in music at a very early age. He learned to play the organ from his mother. He could also play the harmonica. His mother gave him his first guitar when he was eight. His father walked out on the family when Hank was a young child. It became the responsibility of his mother to raise Hank and his siblings. She was a very strong willed woman. He attended Sidney Hanier High School in Montgomery. He quit school when he was 16 years old. He was raised as a fundamentalist Baptist. The music and sermons from his childhood had influenced him. â€Å"My earliest memory† Rolling Stone writer Ralph J. Gleason (as quoted by William’s biographer Colin Escott) â€Å"is sittin’ on that organ stool by her and hollerin’. I must have been five, six years old and louder’n anybody else. † In 1937, Hank’s mother opened a boarding house in Montgomery. Hank helped the family income by shining shoes, selling newspapers, and peanuts on the street. This is where he met Rufus Payne, a black man, known as Tee-Tot. He taught Hank to play the guitar. He would follow him around on the street begging him to teach him to play. He would pay him 15 cents or whatever he had for a lesson. Payne also helped him overcome his shyness. He is the one that the blues influence came from. He made his very first radio performance at the age of thirteen. He formed his first band when he was fourteen years old. I was called Hank Williams and his Drifting Cowboys. He began wearing cowboy hats and western clothes. He sang without amplification and above the sounds of the band. He developed a full throated style of singing. It was similar to Roy Acuff from the Grand Ole Opry. Hank was turned down for the military service because of his back problems. Near the end of the war he began pursuing his musical career again. He started performing at dances nd local events. He also started playing at â€Å"honky tonks†. These were rough and rowdy beer joints that the city’s new comers went to. Williams began abusing alcohol. This problem haunted him the rest of his life. It was partly because of him trying to self medicate the terrible back pain that was caused by a congenital spine disorder. When Hank was 20 years old he met Audrey Mae Sheppard. She was a single mother and separated from her husband. She and Hank married after her divorce was final. They were married by a justice of the peace at a gas station near Andalusic, Alabama in December 1944. They had a child Hank Williams, Jr. in 1949. Hank and Audrey visited Nashville to meet Fred Rose, the head of Acuff-Rose Publishing. The meeting resulted in the recording of â€Å"Never Again† and â€Å"Honky Tonkin’†. This led to signing a contract with MJM. Rose became his manager and record producer. â€Å"Lovesick Blues† became Hank’s trademark tune. It began with a yodel. It spent a year on the charts, including sixteen weeks at the top. He suddenly found himself on a roll. He quickly recorded two more songs, including â€Å"Mind Your Own Business†. They say this song was aimed at his wife. Audrey began to push for more of her own spot in the stardom as he became more famous. They had recorded several sets and she had played with the band some. It was said that her voice was shrill and tuneless. They also said that she didn’t have a very good sense of time. In 1950, he had more successful songs. He also released a series of religious songs with his wife. He used his connections to get a recording contract for her with DECCA. They were not as successful. H recorded his religious narrations talking blues under the name â€Å"Luke the Drifter†. Luke the Drifter walked with Hank Williams and talked through him. These recordings were the closest Hank Williams came to bearing his soul. Hank’s musical career was very successful, but his personal life was falling apart. This was mostly caused by his alcohol abuse that was intensified by his rocky relationship with his wife. This found its way into the words of his songs about heartache, heartbreak, and the break- up of relationships. Hank and Audrey divorced in 1952. As he began to earn more money and spend longer periods of time away from home he began to drink more frequently. While on a hunting trip in Tennessee, he tripped and fell re-hurting his back. He began taking morphine and other painkillers to help control the pain. He quickly became addicted. Following a short tour in Texas, Hank, returned to Montgomery in December to rest before going to Canton, Ohio on January 1, 1953. He was scheduled to play in Canton. Charles, a friend and his driver, was stopped for speeding on their way to Canton. The police officer saw Hank in the car and thought he looked like a dead man. He was then taken to a West Virginia hospital and was declared dead at 7:00 a. . He had died in the back seat of a Cadillac on his way to the concert. He was buried three days later in Montgomery. There was a record crowd attending. His last single released before he died was â€Å"I’ll Never Get Out of This World Alive†. It reached number one immediately after his death. In 1953, they continued to release his records that hit number one including â€Å"Your Cheatin’ Heart† Hank Williams was a recording artist for only 6 years and recorded 66 songs under his name (more under Luke the Drifter and with Audrey). Out of the 66 songs 37 of these were hits. Bibliography http://www.allmusic.com/artist/hank-williams-p138231/biography http://britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/644353/Hank-Williams?sections=644353 How to cite Hank Williams, Essay examples

Monday, May 4, 2020

Valuation of Equity at the End of the Financial Year 2010-11

Question: Do Valuation of Equity at the End of the Financial Year 2010- 11 for the Selected Company. Answer: Introduction The following study aims to present the valuation of equity at the end of the financial year 2010- 11 for the selected company Webjet Limited by considering the real earnings and dividend forecasts over the next five years. The valuation has been conducted by using the approach of discounted free cash flow as well as the residual earnings together with the explanation on possible discrepancies. The study further highlights the analysis and valuation of active investing by evaluating the related strength, weakness and potential risks based on the companys financial statement. Background of the company Webjet Limited, a public company based on the travel industry was formed in 1998 in Australia, which is engaged in the business of travel booking for flights booking, hotels, holiday package and other services (Webjet.com.au 2017). The organization has been largest business entity in the travel industry, which expanded its business in the region of United Kingdom in the year 2005. In the recent years, the company earned revenue around $152 million while the profit amounted to $22 million. The company has total assets valued to $377 million while the value of net assets amounted to $151 million (Webjet.com.au 2017). Valuation of equity Value of equity using discounted free cash flow Present year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Real Earnings ($ millions) 13.61 6.49 19.13 17.5 22.22 Less: Dividend ($ millions) 5.16 5.56 5.76 5.88 7.78 Free Cash flow ($ millions) 8.45 0.93 13.37 11.62 14.44 Industry average cost of equity 8.00% 1.08 1.166 1.26 1.36 1.469 Discounted value of free cash flow ($ millions) 7.82 0.80 10.61 8.54 9.83 Total discounted cash flow ($ millions) 37.61 Value of equity using residual earnings Equity Capital ($ millions) 40.22 32.9 60.81 69.28 82.45 151.56 Cost of equity % 8.00 8.01 8.10 8.00 8.22 9.00 Equity charge ($ millions) 3.22 2.64 4.93 5.54 6.78 13.64 Less: Net Income ($ millions) 11.00 13.61 6.49 19.13 17.5 22.22 Residual charge ($ millions) -7.78 -10.97 -1.56 -13.59 -10.72 -8.58 Table 1: Valuation of equity (Source: Created by author) Considering the financial position statement of the company Webjet Limited for the financial year 2011, it has been observed that the actual value of equity amounted to $40.03 million. However, as per the fair value of equity determined by using discounted free cash flow method amounted to $37.61 which is lower than the actual value (Webjet.com.au 2017). The difference in the equity valuation is due to incorporation of discount rate based on the average cost of industry that provides fair value as per time value of money. Fair valuation of equity has been done by using discounted free cash flow as well as residual earnings for the financial year 2011. As per the discounted free cash flow, equity value is lower than the actual value that indicates the overvaluation of stock price. Besides, residual earnings indicate the efficiency of the company in generating income after considering the value of equity charge. In case of Webject Limited, it has been analyzed that the residual earning s in each forecast year is negative reflecting the inefficiency to generate income after considering the equity charge. Active Investing In order to evaluate the efficiency of the company for investment, active investing can be considered as a process to manage investment portfolio in accordance to the companys benchmark index. The investment strategy can be managed by considering asset allocation or companys performance (Xiao et al. 2014). In case of Webjet Limited, it has been noticed that the value of non- current assets amounted to $11.62 million during 2011 while net profit amounted to $10.86 million reflecting earnings per share $14.41 (Webjet.com.au 2017). Accordingly, it can be said that investment in Webjet Limited would provide positive return in the short- term period as the residual earnings for long- term reflects negative value. Financial statement analysis In order to determine the efficiency of company for investment purpose, companys performance and financial position can be evaluated by considering financial statement analysis (Easton 2016). Considering the income statement of Webjet Limited for the period 2010- 11, it has been noted that the company generated revenue at an increasing trend along with the generation of profit amount. It has been observed that the earnings per share of the company has been positive and reflects increasing trend that is $14.41 in the year 2011 while $ 18.81 in the year 2012 (Webjet.com.au 2017). FY 2011 Activity ratio Accounts receivable turnover Total sales/ Accounts receivable 18.69 Average collection period 365/ Accounts receivable turnover 19.53 Profitability ratio Net profit % Net Profit/ Total Revenue 0.25 Gross profit % (Total Sales- Cost of Goods Sold)/ Total Sales 0.79 Return on assets Net Income/ Total Assets 0.20 Liquidity ratio Working capital ratio Current Assets/ Current Liabilities 3.91 Liquidity ratio (Current Assets- Inventory- Prepaid expenses)/ Current Liabilities 3.91 Solvency ratio Equity ratio Total equity/ total assets 0.73 Table 2: Financial ratio analysis (Source: Created by author) As the activity ratio of the company that is average collection period for accounts receivable represents 19.53 days, it can be said that the company is efficient in collecting the cash from credit sales. In addition, profitability ratio for the financial year 2011 reflects positive margin in net profit, gross profit and return on assets. Therefore, the company is said to be efficient in generating income from assets and operating costs. Current ratio of the company reflects higher than one that is 3.91 indicating that Webjet has been efficient in meeting current obligations from the source of current assets (Webjet.com.au 2017). Similarly, company is efficient in generating return on equity from the value of asset resources. On the contrary, financial statement analysis incorporates certain weaknesses with respect to the performance measure together with its competitors. Financial statement has been prepared by using accounting policies and methods, which may not reflect the fair value. For instance, the valuation of equity reflected higher value than the fair value since that was determined by using present value factor. Hence, the major risk involve in financial statement analysis is determination of true value of assets and liabilities as well as the value of non- financial factors that affects the companys growth. In case of Webjet Limited, fair value of investments in associates and financial assets might not reflect the true and fair value hence the risk of investment return becomes high. Conclusion As the fair value of equity of Webjet Limited reflected lower value than the actual value of equity using the method of discounted free cash flow which indicates the companys shares has been overvalued hence investment is not recommended. Further, residual earnings of the company reflected negative balance, which means the company is not efficient in deriving investment return. On the contrary, financial statement analysis of Webject reflects positive values in profit margin, liquidity and solvency value therefore, it can be said that the investors can invest in the companys share for short- term period and not for long- term period. References Easton, P., 2016. Estimating the Cost of Capital Using Stock Prices and Near?term Earnings Forecasts.Journal of Applied Corporate Finance,28(3), pp.87-94. Ellis, C.D., 2014. The Rise and Fall of Performance Investing.Financial Analysts Journal,70(4), pp.14-23. Hofmann, E. and Lampe, K., 2013. Financial statement analysis of logistics service providers: ways of enhancing performance.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,43(4), pp.321-342. Malkiel, B.G., 2013. Asset management fees and the growth of finance.The Journal of Economic Perspectives,27(2), pp.97-108. Webjet.com.au. 2017. Flights, Cheap Hotels, Car Hire, Insurance Packages - Webjet. [online] Available at: https://www.webjet.com.au [Accessed 14 Mar. 2017]. Xiao, W., Zhang, W., Zhang, X. and Chen, X., 2014. The valuation of equity warrants under the fractional Vasicek process of the short-term interest rate.Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications,394, pp.320-337.