Free Essays on Aphorism

Have you at any point had a couple of shoes esteemed so much that you were hesitant to risk wearing them, inspired by a paranoid fear of them getting scraped, however when you wear them their excessively little? The truism by Ralph Waldo Emerson, â€Å"We are continually preparing to live, however never living.† is as yet legitimate today. Usually we get ready to live as opposed to living. Regularly individuals are reluctant to accept open door, Emerson attempts to show this in his axiom. Because of the dangers in question, individuals once in a while pass up on their opportunity at circumstances. Much the same as the child reluctant to wear his shoes because of a paranoid fear of scraping them, we are regularly trapped in a similar battle among hazard and want. The child wants to wear, and to be found in his new shoes. However, the danger of scraping his new shoes exceeds wearing them, in his psyche. Individuals frequently don't understand what they’ve missed in light of hazard required, until its past the point of no return. At long last the little child chooses he’s ready to acknowledge the danger of scraping his shoes, yet when he attempts to slip his feet into the little shows he understands he’s grown out of them and they’ll not, at this point fit. Disappointed and troubled, the child needs to wear the shoes more than anything now that he can’t wear them. Emerson implies that we should accept open out of this world; and never stow away even with hazard. Emerson’s adage could likewise be deciphered as a supplication to appreciate what you have now, instead of consistently take a stab at additional. It isn't unprecedented to see a noticeable citizen invest most of their energy working, instead of getting a charge out of the riches they have just procured. Emerson is attempting to state that we should stop and acknowledge what we have, instead of invest our energy attempting to acquire more. All things considered, by what means can one completely appreciate what they have, when they are excessively bustling attempting to procure more. Emerson implies that we ought not spend our lives getting ready forever as opposed to living. For the duration of our lives it’s regular to ... Free Essays on Aphorism Free Essays on Aphorism Have you at any point had a couple of shoes valued so much that you were hesitant to risk wearing them, because of a paranoid fear of them getting scraped, however when you wear them their excessively little? The apothegm by Ralph Waldo Emerson, â€Å"We are continually preparing to live, however never living.† is as yet substantial today. Usually we get ready to live as opposed to living. Frequently individuals are reluctant to accept open door, Emerson attempts to show this in his truism. Because of the dangers in question, individuals once in a while pass up on their opportunity at circumstances. Much the same as the child reluctant to wear his shoes because of a paranoid fear of scraping them, we are regularly trapped in a similar battle among hazard and want. The child wants to wear, and to be found in his new shoes. Be that as it may, the danger of scraping his new shoes exceeds wearing them, in his psyche. Individuals frequently don't understand what they’ve missed as a result of hazard required, until its past the point of no return. At last the little child chooses he’s ready to acknowledge the danger of scraping his shoes, however when he attempts to slip his feet into the little shows he understands he’s grown out of them and they’ll not, at this point fit. Disappointed and distressed, the child needs to wear the shoes more than a nything now that he can’t wear them. Emerson implies that we should accept open incredibly; and never stow away even with hazard. Emerson’s apothegm could likewise be deciphered as a request to appreciate what you have now, instead of consistently make progress toward additional. It isn't remarkable to see a noticeable citizen invest most of their energy working, as opposed to getting a charge out of the riches they have just obtained. Emerson is attempting to state that we should stop and acknowledge what we have, as opposed to invest our energy attempting to get more. All things considered, by what means can one completely appreciate what they have, when they are excessively bustling attempting to procure more. Emerson implies that we ought not spend our lives getting ready forever as opposed to living. For the duration of our lives it’s regular to ...

Australian Domicile Business Employer

Question: Talk about the Australian Domicile for Business Employer. Answer: 1. The different realities with respect to Fred are summed up beneath. Fred doesn't hold an Australian house and hails from England. The visit to Australia is with respect to setting office for his British boss. His kids didn't go with him to Australia as they were in school however spouse has come. The specific span of stay isn't clear however Fred has remained for 11 months before coming back to England because of disease. Freds way of life during his stay in Australia is like comparing way of life in nation of starting point for example Britain. So as to decide the duty residency, according to TR 98/17 , the accompanying test should be applied to discover Freds charge residency for the given year under appraisal (Barkoczy, 2015). House Test As Fred isn't an Australian inhabitant and hails from England, he doesn't have Australian habitation and along these lines this test isn't significant for Fred (Coleman, 2011). Superannuation Test As Fred is certainly not a Federal government worker, thus this test isn't pertinent for Fred (Sadiq et. al., 2015). multi day Test concerning this test, Fred figures out how to fulfill the base remain of 183 days in Australia as his residency of stay is near 11 months. Be that as it may, Fred expects to come back to England once proficient responsibility is done and accordingly shows no drawn out duty towards remaining in Australia (Gidlers et. al., 2013). In this manner, Fred neglects to fulfill this test. Lives Test It is obvious from the given data that the motivation behind visit for Fred is noteworthy as it isn't easygoing business reaching out to two three months as 11 months have just passed by and his work isn't done. Likewise, his public activity in Australia is same as that in England. Along these lines, Fred figures out how to fulfill this test and would be considered as Australian duty inhabitant (Barkozcy, 2015). Thus, it tends to be inferred, that for the given duty year Fred would be perceived as an Australian assessment occupant. 1. Californian Copper Syndicate Ltd v Harris (Surveyor of Tax) (1904) 5 TC 159 On the off chance that the goal of the citizen is to create pay without playing out any movement on the land bought then that salary would be considered as income pay and would be surveyed under Income Tax Act ITAA1936. For this situation, Californian Copper Syndicate Ltd obtains a property for copper mining. Organization thought about deficiency of assets at the hour of purchasing just and consequently couldn't play out the copper mining movement. At that point, investor of the organization chose to rent this land to some other organization for playing out the copper mining action. Organization discovered some other mining organization and sold that land for the mining. In regard of this organization got the portion of that organization as thought (Coleman, 2011). As indicated by the tax collection official, income produced from the exchange of responsibility for resource deliberately without playing out any movement, would be considered as income receipt as opposed to capital recei pt. Be that as it may, organization was not happy with the perspective on tax assessment official and recorded the case in the New Zealand court. The decent appointed authority gave its ruling for tax assessment official. Court concluded that organization procured copper mining land with the goal of acknowledge it further to win higher benefits. Since organization didn't play out any mining action on that land, so the pay created to acquire higher benefits would be surveyed as available pay and for this situation the citizen would be at risk to pay charge on this pay under segment 25 (1) of ITAA 1936 (Barkoczy, 2015). Scottish Australian Mining Co Ltd v FC of T (1950) 81 CLR 188 A land was procured by the Scottish Australian Mining Company for playing out the coal mining movement. For quite a while, organization played out the coal mining. Be that as it may, because of nonstop coal mining, land got drained in the stores of coal. Citizen chose to sell this land for acknowledgment of capital resource. For this, he separated the land into a few size plots for private reason as the land without sub-isolating in the plots couldn't make doable for private reason. Organization provided water pipe line, sewage lines parks, medical clinic , school ,shopping complex, streets likewise built by the organization alongside these plots to improve the market estimation of these plots. In the wake of achieving this, organization offered these plots to a few potential purchasers and got high pace of profits. Duty chief decided that the salary got by selling of land would be named as common pay of the organization and surveyed for the tax assessment. Court overruled the magist rate see and concluded that the goal for the organization was not to understand the capital resource for gains. They performed coal digging for such a large number of years and when the land was absolutely ready for improvement then just the organization chose to discard ready land. Subsequently, promoting of land would not be countable as income pay and not surveyed as available. It was unimportant acknowledgment of capital resource and would not be burdened (Jade, 2016). 3: FC of T v Whitfords Beach Pty Ltd (1982) 150 CLR For this situation, Whit Fords Beach Pty Ltd occupied with procurement of a sea shore land for drying the shack of fish in the year 1953. The citizen at that point exchanged this land to some other organization. Basic correction had done in the article of relationship of the organization with respect to this liquidation. All the board individuals concurred for the equivalent. After that organization separated the land into sub areas and sold the plots to the individual purchasers at advertise esteem. Organization got exceptional yields from this exchange. Tax assessment authority was in the supposition that the exchange had been made purposely for gains at higher rate. In this manner, these additions would be assessable and citizen bound to make good on charge. According to the organization, this exchange occurred to defeat from money related misfortune. The noteworthy court remarked that the exchange is done purposefully for higher gains as opposed to shielding organization from mon ey related misfortune. Henceforth, increases got from liquidation of capital resource would be considered as income receipt. Organization who was the citizen would be at risk to make good on charge and the salary would be surveyed under tax assessment represent available reason (CCh, 2014a). 4: Statham Anor v FC of T 89 ATC 4070 According to this case, Statham Anor were two trustees who got a land as a domain. Them two began cows business on that expired land. After their dads passing, their families began experiencing money related emergencies. This monetary emergency additionally affected their dairy cattle business as well. To defeat from monetary emergencies, the two trustees chose to exchange a piece of land in the market. This constrained trustees to sub-isolate the incomplete land in to plots and market to the potential purchaser. As per the concerned expense chief, the income got would be considered as income pay and would be assessable under tax collection act. Be that as it may, the court choice was totally not the same as the duty magistrate. Court remarked that the prime goal of both the trustees was to do the dairy cattle business on the specific land. Because of money related emergencies they had to sell a halfway bit of land in the market. It had demonstrated likewise that the citizen not play ed out any development or improvement movement on that land. Liquidation of capital resource was not finished with the aim of more significant yields. Consequently, pay got from this liquidation would not be considered as income receipt (CCh, 2014b). Casimaty v FC of T 97 ATC 5135 According to this case, an individual named Casimaty possessed a land. He at first associated with the privately-run company that is cultivating on that land. In any case, because of some money related misfortune in the cultivating industry, he had to discard huge zone of his property in the market. Casimaty needed more cash with him to utilize that cash for sub division of this land in to little area. So he obtained cash from the market to do sub division of his property in to little areas. After sub division, Casimaty sold this land in to advertise for gaining benefit. As indicated by his desire, he got the necessary sum from the promoting by discarded his property to get free from the obligation he had taken from the market for even sub division of that land. Tax assessment authority remarked that the pay receipt from the liquidation of land in to market would be considered available pay according to law. Court said according to control, Casimaty was performing cultivating movemen t on that land for such huge numbers of years. He didn't have any goal to discard this land to procure benefit. It was his monetary conditions which pushed him to exchange his property and get free from his money related obligation. For that, he partitioned the land in to various area by taking advance from outside, which expanded his obligation. Expectation of the citizen matters without a doubt. In any case, here, aim of citizen was thoroughly clear, just to clear off his obligation and again get occupied with the cultivating industry. So the salary earned from liquidation of capital resource would not be evaluated under annual duty act area 25 (1) of ITAA 1936 (CCh, 2014c). Moana Sand Pty Ltd v FC of T 88 ATC 4897 As per this case, Moana Sand Pty Ltd bought a land for sand removal. Organization occupied with the sand unearthing procedure on this land for a significant stretch. Because of sand exhuming for such huge numbers of years, land got depleted in sand and unsatisfactory for additional sand uncovering. Organization made an arrangement to get the profits from this depleted land by offering it in the market to the few purchasers who needed a decent condition private house with all conveniences in that city. In this way, organization sub separated the depleted land in to various yet alluring area with the goal that purchaser could be pulled in promptly towards these town houses. Organization likewise introduced water gracefully and sewage pipe line. Subsequent to giving comforts, organization hand over these town house to the potential purchaser in return of good returns (Sadiq et. al., 2015). Assessment chief

Are you ready for Summerfest NYC COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Are you ready for Summerfest NYC COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Dry clean your best  business-casual attire, polish your dress shoes, and buy a new  notepad for all the knowledge youre about to gain! This Thursday, were hosting Summerfest NYC, an evening to  mingle with alumni, students and staff from five top graduate programs in international affairs, including us. Its basically a fun-filled night to  network with other professionals and learn more about the admissions process at each school. Summerfest NYC is on Thursday, July 16, 2015, and is at SIPAs International Affairs Building at 420 W 118th Street,  New York, NY 10027 (on the 15th floor). Check in  opens  at 5:30 p.m, and the evening will kick off with an alumni-panel presentation at 6:00 p.m. From  6:30 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. admissions representatives will be around to discuss their graduate programs. Representatives from the following graduate  international affairs  programs will be available: Columbia University â€" School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) Georgetown University â€" Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service Johns Hopkins University â€" The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) Princeton University â€" The Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs Tufts University â€" The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy  If you havent registered, you may RSVP here.

Essay On Governess In Jane Eyre - 1227 Words

The process of procuring the governess position at Thornfield Hall is the moment that Jane Eyre steps into a further level of independence that defies the Victorian standards of the time period for women (Godfrey 857). From the moment that Jane posts her advertisement in the Shire Herald, she seizes the possession of her life by her ambition to rise into a higher social class and rely simply own her own ability free from reliance on others (Brontà « 694; Vanden Bossche 47). The desire for this step and the eventual successful â€Å"advancement from her position as teacher at Lowood to private governess† is crucial in Jane Eyre’s journey to complete independence as it is through this transition that Jane undergoes a shift in social status (Godfrey†¦show more content†¦However, this respect is not completely in harmony with the Victorian expectations, resulting from her inferior position as a female breaking into the middle class, as she quickly establishes that Mr. Rochester does not possess the â€Å"right to command [her] merely because [Mr. Rochester is] older† or because he has â€Å"seen more of the world;† Jane believes that Mr. Rochester’s social hierarchy and life experience does not provide him with superiority (Stoneman 36; Brontà « 729). Although Jane’s early time in Thornfield demonstrates a continuous progress in the protagonist’s journey towards independence, the moment that she falls in love with Mr. Rochester this advancement almost reaches a standstill as she accepts his marriage proposal (Brontà « 816). Mr. Rochester, Jane Eyre’s employer at Thornfield as the benefactor of Adele the little girl that Jane tutors and cares for as a governess, is the only obstacle that Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s protagonist faces, one that causes her to waver for an instance in her journey towards independence. As Jane accepts Mr. Rochester’s marriage proposal, she independent choice seems to be in accordance with the impulses for a typical marriage during the Victorian era, to marry based on financial and social status benefits; however her true motive stems from her sincere love for Mr. Rochester and her choice is not effected by social or economic ambitions (Ayyildiz 150). Jane is adamant in her self-perseverance toShow MoreRelatedEssay on Governess Relationships in Brontes Jane Eyre1182 Words   |  5 PagesGoverness Relationships in Brontes Jane Eyre    The Victorian governess suffered socially because of her position. The relationship between her and others that were in her class was strained because of her financial situation. She often suffered from status incongruity. The relationship between a governess and a gentleman was difficult because she was not his financial equal (Peterson 13). While the relationship was strained in her novel Jane Eyre, Bronte leads us to believe that it is notRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Jane Eyre795 Words   |  4 PagesLima Abed Topaz Literary analysis essay 28/11/17 Jane Eyre Life is very hard but it is not impossible. Jane Eyre was a short story which was written by Charlotte Bronte. This story is about a young girl who has no parents, no family and no money. When she was very young she lost her parents. After dead of her parents she faced with many problems in her life. However, she was very young but she had never give up in her life. She was very strong and hard working. And that is how sheRead MoreEssay about Jane Eyre Ap Question861 Words   |  4 PagesTim Kwist AP English Literature and Composition Quinn April 1, 2013 Jane Eyre: AP Question Essay â€Å"Writers often highlight the values of a culture or a society by using characters who are alienated from that culture or society because of gender, race, or creed. Choose a play or novel in which such a character plays a significant role and show how that characters alienation reveals the surrounding societys assumptions and moral values.† Women who had no claim to wealth or beauty receivedRead More Jane Eyre is one of the earliest English novels with a strong, female1551 Words   |  7 PagesJane Eyre is one of the earliest English novels with a strong, female central character. Do you think she sells out by marrying Rochester, thus enabling a conventional, romantic ending to the novel? He stretched his hand out to be led. (Jane) Form start to finish, this novel has had one strong, female central character - Jane Eyre. We see her fight for independence as a female from her childhood right up until her marriage. These ardent, passionate beliefs do not leave her once marriedRead More A Historical View of the Victorian Governess Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesHistorical View of the Victorian Governess    Although the governess serves as the heroine in Jane Eyre, she was not a popular figure in Victorian England. The governess did not have a social position worthy of attention (Peterson 4). Aristocratic and middle-class Victorians were not even sure how to treat the governess. She was from the same class, but her lack of financial stability made them view her as their inferior. Perhaps the clearest definition of the governess was stated by Lady ElizabethRead MoreEssay about Jane Eyre: The Effect of a Patriarchal Society 1721 Words   |  7 PagesCharlotte Brontà « composed her novel Jane Eyre during the Victorian era; a period of history where Patriarchy set the expectations of men and women. The effect of this social system resulted in women suffering discrimination simply because of their gender. Sigmund Freud, in his essay entitled, â€Å"The Relation of the Poet to Day-Dreaming,† articulated that women were only capable of having erotic wishes dominate their â€Å"phanta sies,† and even their ambitious â€Å"phantasies† were rooted in erotic wishes (177)Read MoreThe Importance of Janes Early Life at Lowood to Shaping Her Character in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre1414 Words   |  6 PagesCharacter in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre When Charlotte BrontÃÆ' « set out to write Jane Eyre, she boldly promised her sisters: a heroine as plain and as small as myself, who shall be as interesting as any of yours. As promised, Jane appears decidedly plain, so little, so pale, with features so irregular and so marked, sensible but not at all handsome, queer and a little toad. The novel opens at Gateshead with Jane moving from childhood to pubertyRead More Construction of Love and Gender in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre964 Words   |  4 PagesConstruction of Love and Gender in Jane Eyre      Ã‚   Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte focuses primarily on love, specifically romantic love and it is the way in which Charlotte Bronte challenges 19th century socio-cultural views on gender and romance, as well as other discourses within the novel such as class and status that makes Jane Eyre successful.    The main discourse within Jane Eyre that impacts most greatly upon its feature, romantic love, is the societal classes of the timeRead MoreFighting the Fire: Women in the Victorian Era922 Words   |  4 Pagesthis fire, while Jane is able to wash away these restraints. According to Spivak, the concepts of â€Å"Self and Other† refers to how people are defined by who they are in relation to others; the â€Å"other† allows the Self to exist as empowered (Spivak cited in Rodenburg). In this essay, I will discuss how Antoinette, from Wide Sargasso Sea, and Jane, from Jane Eyre, both face similar challenges throughout their lives, but deal with their pains in different manners. I will argue that both Jane and AntoinetteRead MoreSexism in Jane Eyre1870 Words   |  8 Pages The social system of the Victorian era was one that was heavily influenced by the patriarchal right of men. This social construct favored men while forcing women into submission. Sigmund Freud, in his e ssay entitled â€Å"The Relation of the Poet to Day-Dreaming,† articulated that women were considered capable only of having erotic wishes that dominated their â€Å"phantasies† and that even their ambitious â€Å"phantasies† were rooted in erotic wishes (177). The prevailing thought concerning women during the

Masciantonio Case Note and Critique Essay - 1105 Words

Case Note amp; CritiqueMasciantonio v The Queen (1995) 183 CLR 58 Case Note Appellant: Mr. Giovanni MasciantonioRespondent: The Queen Court amp; Year: High Court of Australia 1994 - 1995 Relevant Facts: Appeal from the Supreme Court of Victoria. 19 June 1991 Giovanni Masciantonio had a heated altercation with his son-in-law Maurizio Femia. Altercation resulted in Mr. Femia’s life. Fatal wound being a severed aorta (known as wound 5). Giovanni Masciantonio was convicted of murder in the Supreme Court of Victoria. O’Bryan J trial judge. The defence argued provocation. An appeal was put before the Court of Criminal Appeal Victoria. Reason for the appeal was that the judge had failed to mention provocation to the jury†¦show more content†¦Brennan, Deane, Dawson and Gaudron JJ concluded that the appeal should be allowed and a retrial ordered. Issues: Whether an ordinary person could have regained the self-control in the time between the first and second stage events? Why did the trial judge not direct the jury to the option of provocation as a defence from the jury’s consideration during the second stage of the event? Was there a miscarriage of justice? Decision: Appeal Allowed Retrial Ordered. Ratio: The trial judge inadvertently or not, effectively withdrew from the jury’s consideration the issue of provocation at the second stage of events and since the appellant’s loss of self-control may have continued to that stage, there cannot be said to be no miscarriage of justice. Obiter: That a reasonable jury could conclude the appellant was acting under provocation. Upon the evidence it was open to a jury, properly directed as to the law, to reach that conclusion. Majority Judgments Brennan J Deane J Dawson J Gaudron J Minority Judgments McHugh J Critique The case of Masciantonio v The Queen (1995) 183 CLR 58 (‘Masciantonio’) is a High Court of Australia decision from 1995 that deals with jury direction and provocation and whether the original trial judge caused a miscarriage of justice when he ‘inadvertently or not, effectively withdrew from the jury’s consideration the issue of provocation’ or whether ‘provocation ought not to have been left to the jury at all.’ Another issue

Hank Williams Free Essays

Hiram King Williams, also known as Hank Williams, was born on September 17, 1923 in Mount Olive, Alabama. His dad was Lon Williams, a locomotive engineer. His mom was Lillie Williams, a church organist. We will write a custom essay sample on Hank Williams or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hank spent most of his childhood in Georgiana and Greenville, Alabama. Hank Williams was a key person in the development of modern country music. He caused a shift in country music from a regional, rural phenomenon to a nationwide, urban acceptance in the late 1940’s. He turned â€Å"hillbilly† music into country music. He became interested in music at a very early age. He learned to play the organ from his mother. He could also play the harmonica. His mother gave him his first guitar when he was eight. His father walked out on the family when Hank was a young child. It became the responsibility of his mother to raise Hank and his siblings. She was a very strong willed woman. He attended Sidney Hanier High School in Montgomery. He quit school when he was 16 years old. He was raised as a fundamentalist Baptist. The music and sermons from his childhood had influenced him. â€Å"My earliest memory† Rolling Stone writer Ralph J. Gleason (as quoted by William’s biographer Colin Escott) â€Å"is sittin’ on that organ stool by her and hollerin’. I must have been five, six years old and louder’n anybody else. † In 1937, Hank’s mother opened a boarding house in Montgomery. Hank helped the family income by shining shoes, selling newspapers, and peanuts on the street. This is where he met Rufus Payne, a black man, known as Tee-Tot. He taught Hank to play the guitar. He would follow him around on the street begging him to teach him to play. He would pay him 15 cents or whatever he had for a lesson. Payne also helped him overcome his shyness. He is the one that the blues influence came from. He made his very first radio performance at the age of thirteen. He formed his first band when he was fourteen years old. I was called Hank Williams and his Drifting Cowboys. He began wearing cowboy hats and western clothes. He sang without amplification and above the sounds of the band. He developed a full throated style of singing. It was similar to Roy Acuff from the Grand Ole Opry. Hank was turned down for the military service because of his back problems. Near the end of the war he began pursuing his musical career again. He started performing at dances nd local events. He also started playing at â€Å"honky tonks†. These were rough and rowdy beer joints that the city’s new comers went to. Williams began abusing alcohol. This problem haunted him the rest of his life. It was partly because of him trying to self medicate the terrible back pain that was caused by a congenital spine disorder. When Hank was 20 years old he met Audrey Mae Sheppard. She was a single mother and separated from her husband. She and Hank married after her divorce was final. They were married by a justice of the peace at a gas station near Andalusic, Alabama in December 1944. They had a child Hank Williams, Jr. in 1949. Hank and Audrey visited Nashville to meet Fred Rose, the head of Acuff-Rose Publishing. The meeting resulted in the recording of â€Å"Never Again† and â€Å"Honky Tonkin’†. This led to signing a contract with MJM. Rose became his manager and record producer. â€Å"Lovesick Blues† became Hank’s trademark tune. It began with a yodel. It spent a year on the charts, including sixteen weeks at the top. He suddenly found himself on a roll. He quickly recorded two more songs, including â€Å"Mind Your Own Business†. They say this song was aimed at his wife. Audrey began to push for more of her own spot in the stardom as he became more famous. They had recorded several sets and she had played with the band some. It was said that her voice was shrill and tuneless. They also said that she didn’t have a very good sense of time. In 1950, he had more successful songs. He also released a series of religious songs with his wife. He used his connections to get a recording contract for her with DECCA. They were not as successful. H recorded his religious narrations talking blues under the name â€Å"Luke the Drifter†. Luke the Drifter walked with Hank Williams and talked through him. These recordings were the closest Hank Williams came to bearing his soul. Hank’s musical career was very successful, but his personal life was falling apart. This was mostly caused by his alcohol abuse that was intensified by his rocky relationship with his wife. This found its way into the words of his songs about heartache, heartbreak, and the break- up of relationships. Hank and Audrey divorced in 1952. As he began to earn more money and spend longer periods of time away from home he began to drink more frequently. While on a hunting trip in Tennessee, he tripped and fell re-hurting his back. He began taking morphine and other painkillers to help control the pain. He quickly became addicted. Following a short tour in Texas, Hank, returned to Montgomery in December to rest before going to Canton, Ohio on January 1, 1953. He was scheduled to play in Canton. Charles, a friend and his driver, was stopped for speeding on their way to Canton. The police officer saw Hank in the car and thought he looked like a dead man. He was then taken to a West Virginia hospital and was declared dead at 7:00 a. . He had died in the back seat of a Cadillac on his way to the concert. He was buried three days later in Montgomery. There was a record crowd attending. His last single released before he died was â€Å"I’ll Never Get Out of This World Alive†. It reached number one immediately after his death. In 1953, they continued to release his records that hit number one including â€Å"Your Cheatin’ Heart† Hank Williams was a recording artist for only 6 years and recorded 66 songs under his name (more under Luke the Drifter and with Audrey). Out of the 66 songs 37 of these were hits. Bibliography http://www.allmusic.com/artist/hank-williams-p138231/biography http://britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/644353/Hank-Williams?sections=644353 How to cite Hank Williams, Essay examples

Valuation of Equity at the End of the Financial Year 2010-11

Question: Do Valuation of Equity at the End of the Financial Year 2010- 11 for the Selected Company. Answer: Introduction The following study aims to present the valuation of equity at the end of the financial year 2010- 11 for the selected company Webjet Limited by considering the real earnings and dividend forecasts over the next five years. The valuation has been conducted by using the approach of discounted free cash flow as well as the residual earnings together with the explanation on possible discrepancies. The study further highlights the analysis and valuation of active investing by evaluating the related strength, weakness and potential risks based on the companys financial statement. Background of the company Webjet Limited, a public company based on the travel industry was formed in 1998 in Australia, which is engaged in the business of travel booking for flights booking, hotels, holiday package and other services (Webjet.com.au 2017). The organization has been largest business entity in the travel industry, which expanded its business in the region of United Kingdom in the year 2005. In the recent years, the company earned revenue around $152 million while the profit amounted to $22 million. The company has total assets valued to $377 million while the value of net assets amounted to $151 million (Webjet.com.au 2017). Valuation of equity Value of equity using discounted free cash flow Present year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Real Earnings ($ millions) 13.61 6.49 19.13 17.5 22.22 Less: Dividend ($ millions) 5.16 5.56 5.76 5.88 7.78 Free Cash flow ($ millions) 8.45 0.93 13.37 11.62 14.44 Industry average cost of equity 8.00% 1.08 1.166 1.26 1.36 1.469 Discounted value of free cash flow ($ millions) 7.82 0.80 10.61 8.54 9.83 Total discounted cash flow ($ millions) 37.61 Value of equity using residual earnings Equity Capital ($ millions) 40.22 32.9 60.81 69.28 82.45 151.56 Cost of equity % 8.00 8.01 8.10 8.00 8.22 9.00 Equity charge ($ millions) 3.22 2.64 4.93 5.54 6.78 13.64 Less: Net Income ($ millions) 11.00 13.61 6.49 19.13 17.5 22.22 Residual charge ($ millions) -7.78 -10.97 -1.56 -13.59 -10.72 -8.58 Table 1: Valuation of equity (Source: Created by author) Considering the financial position statement of the company Webjet Limited for the financial year 2011, it has been observed that the actual value of equity amounted to $40.03 million. However, as per the fair value of equity determined by using discounted free cash flow method amounted to $37.61 which is lower than the actual value (Webjet.com.au 2017). The difference in the equity valuation is due to incorporation of discount rate based on the average cost of industry that provides fair value as per time value of money. Fair valuation of equity has been done by using discounted free cash flow as well as residual earnings for the financial year 2011. As per the discounted free cash flow, equity value is lower than the actual value that indicates the overvaluation of stock price. Besides, residual earnings indicate the efficiency of the company in generating income after considering the value of equity charge. In case of Webject Limited, it has been analyzed that the residual earning s in each forecast year is negative reflecting the inefficiency to generate income after considering the equity charge. Active Investing In order to evaluate the efficiency of the company for investment, active investing can be considered as a process to manage investment portfolio in accordance to the companys benchmark index. The investment strategy can be managed by considering asset allocation or companys performance (Xiao et al. 2014). In case of Webjet Limited, it has been noticed that the value of non- current assets amounted to $11.62 million during 2011 while net profit amounted to $10.86 million reflecting earnings per share $14.41 (Webjet.com.au 2017). Accordingly, it can be said that investment in Webjet Limited would provide positive return in the short- term period as the residual earnings for long- term reflects negative value. Financial statement analysis In order to determine the efficiency of company for investment purpose, companys performance and financial position can be evaluated by considering financial statement analysis (Easton 2016). Considering the income statement of Webjet Limited for the period 2010- 11, it has been noted that the company generated revenue at an increasing trend along with the generation of profit amount. It has been observed that the earnings per share of the company has been positive and reflects increasing trend that is $14.41 in the year 2011 while $ 18.81 in the year 2012 (Webjet.com.au 2017). FY 2011 Activity ratio Accounts receivable turnover Total sales/ Accounts receivable 18.69 Average collection period 365/ Accounts receivable turnover 19.53 Profitability ratio Net profit % Net Profit/ Total Revenue 0.25 Gross profit % (Total Sales- Cost of Goods Sold)/ Total Sales 0.79 Return on assets Net Income/ Total Assets 0.20 Liquidity ratio Working capital ratio Current Assets/ Current Liabilities 3.91 Liquidity ratio (Current Assets- Inventory- Prepaid expenses)/ Current Liabilities 3.91 Solvency ratio Equity ratio Total equity/ total assets 0.73 Table 2: Financial ratio analysis (Source: Created by author) As the activity ratio of the company that is average collection period for accounts receivable represents 19.53 days, it can be said that the company is efficient in collecting the cash from credit sales. In addition, profitability ratio for the financial year 2011 reflects positive margin in net profit, gross profit and return on assets. Therefore, the company is said to be efficient in generating income from assets and operating costs. Current ratio of the company reflects higher than one that is 3.91 indicating that Webjet has been efficient in meeting current obligations from the source of current assets (Webjet.com.au 2017). Similarly, company is efficient in generating return on equity from the value of asset resources. On the contrary, financial statement analysis incorporates certain weaknesses with respect to the performance measure together with its competitors. Financial statement has been prepared by using accounting policies and methods, which may not reflect the fair value. For instance, the valuation of equity reflected higher value than the fair value since that was determined by using present value factor. Hence, the major risk involve in financial statement analysis is determination of true value of assets and liabilities as well as the value of non- financial factors that affects the companys growth. In case of Webjet Limited, fair value of investments in associates and financial assets might not reflect the true and fair value hence the risk of investment return becomes high. Conclusion As the fair value of equity of Webjet Limited reflected lower value than the actual value of equity using the method of discounted free cash flow which indicates the companys shares has been overvalued hence investment is not recommended. Further, residual earnings of the company reflected negative balance, which means the company is not efficient in deriving investment return. On the contrary, financial statement analysis of Webject reflects positive values in profit margin, liquidity and solvency value therefore, it can be said that the investors can invest in the companys share for short- term period and not for long- term period. References Easton, P., 2016. Estimating the Cost of Capital Using Stock Prices and Near?term Earnings Forecasts.Journal of Applied Corporate Finance,28(3), pp.87-94. Ellis, C.D., 2014. The Rise and Fall of Performance Investing.Financial Analysts Journal,70(4), pp.14-23. Hofmann, E. and Lampe, K., 2013. Financial statement analysis of logistics service providers: ways of enhancing performance.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,43(4), pp.321-342. Malkiel, B.G., 2013. Asset management fees and the growth of finance.The Journal of Economic Perspectives,27(2), pp.97-108. Webjet.com.au. 2017. Flights, Cheap Hotels, Car Hire, Insurance Packages - Webjet. [online] Available at: https://www.webjet.com.au [Accessed 14 Mar. 2017]. Xiao, W., Zhang, W., Zhang, X. and Chen, X., 2014. The valuation of equity warrants under the fractional Vasicek process of the short-term interest rate.Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications,394, pp.320-337.

Women in Nepal free essay sample

Nepal is a landlocked country situated in South Asia between India in the South, West and East and China in the North. According to a survey done by the Central Bureau of Statistics in Nepal, the population was recorded to be 26. 62 million. In this small country there are still one hundred and one ethnic groups speaking over ninety two languages. Customs and traditions differ from one another but what remains the same is the patrilineal and patrilocal type of society that is present all across Nepal. Although 50. 1% of the Nepalese population is made up by the women, they make up only 39% of the total literate population. In many countries within South Asia such as Nepal, women very commonly have lesser autonomy and power than men in making decisions in the society. In addition, women frequently have unequal and lesser access to education, healthcare, food, Job opportunities, various resources, and even legal rights. We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Nepal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although there have been some increase in the number of educated women in cities such as Kathmandu, the plight of the Nepalese women in the rural parts of Nepal is still very heart wrenching. Rural Nepalese women are further disadvantaged due the the lack of education and the lack of awareness of their social and legal rights making them more prone to various gender discrimination rituals and oppression. In the Nepalese society men are kept on a pedestal while women are treated like a second class citizens in their own country. It gets even worse if one is a woman that belongs to a lower caste group in the rural part of Nepal. Most of gender bias are covered and given a facade in the form of traditions or â€Å"rituals† of the society which has lived on for generations. Although Nepal is going under some profound changes in the recent years major examples of such traditions are â€Å"Chaupadi,† â€Å"the local custom of isolating women from their families during menstruation† (Gaestel, 2013). According to the 2011 estimate by the governments Women’s Development officer in the districts, about 95% of the women in the Achham district of Nepal still practice â€Å"chaupadi. † For generations, every month during their menstruation period women are sent to sleep outside their homes; usually in the family stable or the small sheds. They are considered to be impure and untouchable during this particular time of the month and thus are not allowed to touch communal water and food, or even enter the house and the prayer rooms. Despite the  common knowledge about the various dangers of sleeping outside the house especially during the nights, women are still sent there every month. Women are vulnerable to animal attacks, physical abuse from random drunk men, and different communicable diseases due to unsanitary practices in the shed as they have to live, cook and eat there with the cattles for four to five days until they are â€Å"pure† again. Although more an d more of the younger generations are attending schools and becoming aware about various social problems, Chaupadi is still taking a lot of time to change. The other type of discriminations include child marriage: marrying their young daughters to older men since they can negotiate to pay lesser dowry. Nepal has one of the highest child marriage prevalence and places in the â€Å"8th position (among the 10 countries) worldwide,† according to â€Å"the status of the World’s Children-2011 UNICEF† (Solid Nepal). Thousands of the young Nepalese girls are withdrawn from their schools by the parents, missing out on even the basic level of education, so that they can be sent off to someone else’s house by marrying them. Most uneducated parents do so to save their cost of having to raise a girl child since they are taken as additional burden and the same money can be used to educate and feed the son of the family who is believed to look after the family in old age and carry the family line. This might be more so because of other traditions whereby it is believed that when a parent dies, if the son of the family gives light to their bodies, they will go to heaven. Thus the this also explains why the nepalese society gives more at priority to the sons. According to the Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare, more than 34 percent of the new marriages are brides under 15 years of age although child marriage has been banned in Nepal. Whereas in some parts of the country such as the Terai region, there are still more than â€Å"50 percent of marriages that involve girls under the age of 12†(IRINnews). Furthermore the other form of discrimination include child labor. Child labor has also become a huge social problem in Nepal but even more so for the girls as more number of girls are joining the labor force instead of going to school. Though child labor is illegal in Nepal these days, according to the national child labor report, an estimate of 1. 6 million children between the age of five and seventeen are in the labor force(CNN). Three- quarters of the child labor are under the age of fourteen and most are girls. Most of them work in local restaurants, make a living as bus conductors, carry bricks, do domestic works or work in places such as a carpet factory. On contrary, most of the girls in the city live a different life as their parents realize the importance of education of women. Even though not all get the same level of education in the city due to their class difference, the situation of women in the city is much better and they are much more fortunate than the ones still living in the rural parts of Nepal. Thus in conclusion we can see that although there has been a lot of attempts at uplifting the status of women in Nepal, there is still a long way to go as such gender bias traditions have taken a deep root in the society and can only be completely removed when more people of the society receives formal education.

5 Types of Phrasal Adjectives That Require Hyphens

5 Types of Phrasal Adjectives That Require Hyphens 5 Types of Phrasal Adjectives That Require Hyphens 5 Types of Phrasal Adjectives That Require Hyphens By Mark Nichol Hyphens, for the most part, have been relieved of their duty to connect prefixes to root words (though many people persist in unnecessarily hyphenating such terms as nonprofit). The primary function of the hyphen now is to indicate the interdependence of words that modify a noun, and many writers remain confused about or ignorant of their application in phrasal adjectives. The following sentences illustrate the types of errors that often occur. 1. That’s a totally played out joke we’ve seen a million times before. Unless two or more words that modify a noun constitute a standing phrase (such as â€Å"real estate† in â€Å"My sister is a real estate agent†), those words should be linked with one or more hyphens: â€Å"That’s a totally played-out joke we’ve seen a million times before.† (This strategy eliminates the possibility that readers will be confused about the meaning of the sentence, asking themselves, â€Å"How is an out joke played?†) 2. Police are seeking stun-gun wielding bandits who robbed beer from a convenience store. When one of the elements of a phrasal adjective itself is an open compound, as in â€Å"stun gun† here, writers sometimes correctly link the words in that compound but neglect to include one between that noun turned adjective and the adjective itself, an omission rectified here: â€Å"Police are seeking stun-gun-wielding bandits who robbed beer from a convenience store.† (Again, this form clarifies that the last two words in the phrase â€Å"stun-gun-wielding bandits† do not constitute a noun phrase; the sentence is not about the stun-gun subtype of a criminal called a wielding bandit.) 3. During this time, he started developing his man of action persona. Phrasal adjectives of the noun-preposition-noun form follow the same rule: â€Å"During this time, he started developing his man-of-action persona.† (This style compartmentalizes â€Å"man of action† into a single idea to aid in quick comprehension.) 4. He was signed to a $10 million a year contract. When a reference to a large amount of money modifies a noun, the number and the order of magnitude are not hyphenated (â€Å"$10 million contract†). However, the value â€Å"$10 million† is part of a phrasal adjective here, so it and the other two elements (a and year) must be linked: â€Å"He was signed to a $10 million-a-year contract.† 5. His resurrection came with unintended consequences, as is always the case in this sort of it’s not nice to fool Mother Nature morality tale. When an extended phrasal adjective that consists of a stock statement, as above, is not formatted as a modifying phrase, it cannot easily be identified as such until the reader reaches the end of the sentence, creating a significant obstacle to narrative flow. So that the sentence need not be reread for comprehension, unify the entire phrase: â€Å"His resurrection came with unintended consequences, as is always the case in this sort of it’s-not-nice-to-fool-Mother-Nature morality tale.† In this case, however, because the phrasal adjective consists of a quoted saying, it is easier on the eye to simply frame the statement in quotation marks: â€Å"His resurrection came with unintended consequences, as is always the case in this sort of ‘It’s not nice to fool Mother Nature’ morality tale. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Meaning of "To a T"Peace of Mind and A Piece of One's MindQuiet or Quite?

The Sentencing Phase in the United States Research Paper

The Sentencing Phase in the United States - Research Paper Example The research paper "The Sentencing Phase in the United States" deals on the sentencing phase of the criminal justice system and tries to discuss some of the more urgent issues regarding this crucial phase. The justice system forms the third leg of the triad in the handling of criminal cases, the other two being law enforcement system and the penal or corrections system. All three must work together for penal sanctions to be effective as a deterrent to the commission of crimes. The wheels of justice can indeed grind very slowly and sometimes it takes years for the victims to get vindication and justice for the harm done to them. In a sense, the concern to be so careful to avoid penalizing the innocent is the main cause of this slowness in the justice system. No criminal justice system is perfect. Be that as it may, it should not prevent society nor preclude the government from imposing justice for deviant behaviors. The idea is that the system must be geared towards fairness and equality; flaws in the system can be corrected over time and must not adversely affect the sense of trust by the people that the system is indeed fair. Lapses in the procedures, processes, and practices must not undermine the whole legal system. There are a lot of variables that can confound and confuse the litigants in many instances. A person can opt out of the criminal justice system through a plea bargain agreement that will lessen the sentence to be imposed and may subject the defendant to probation.

Public Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Public Finance - Essay Example Effective tax system aims at complementing government’s budget plans. Any shortfall in tax collection will lead to budget deficit that will lead to fiscal deficit. High government debt is detrimental for economic prospects of a country. It signifies weak federal structure which will affect foreign investment. Foreign investors look out for stable economies to invest their money which will yield higher returns. Governments of different nations aim at promoting its export sector to boost its foreign exchange earnings. Thus, an effective tax system would look to compensate for the high subsidy bill that is given for promoting underdeveloped and export oriented sectors. Tax system across the world are categorised in three ways i.e. regressive, proportional and progressive. In general taxes are levied on individuals and businesses. Government usually impose a certain percentage or slabs to determine the taxability of individuals and companies. There is another classification for taxes which is based on the impact and incident of taxation. It is direct and indirect. Direct taxes imply where the impact and incident is on the same individual and which cannot be shifted. Income tax, corporation tax are examples of direct taxes. Whereas consumption tax, excise duty, customs are indirect taxes. Such taxes have different points of impact and incident i.e. the burden of the tax can be shifted from the producers to consumers. In certain countries an amount is deducted from the income of individuals towards insurance contributions like NIC in UK (James, 2009). There are certain features that are attributed to the tax system to ensure equity at all levels. Governments across the world usually follow either of the three tax systems i.e. regressive, proportional and progressive. Fiscal authorities design the tax structure in a way that ensures a balance between savings and expenditure. It is a major trade off for the

Managerialist model of management and leadership

Managerialist model of management and leadership Explore to what extent the managerialist model of management and leadership adopted in England and Wales has influenced management culture in one other country and the impact that this may have on your own management and leadership style. Introduction Managerialism has become the predominant ideology in educational management. It has been a stably indispensable ingredient in the policy of government in order to operate public school, in contrast to the traditional bureaucratic ideals, it provide high priority to management and leadership (Pollitt 1993). Leadership, is a complex social phenomenon, and has been studied and developed over many years. Leadership is a process in which an individual influences the group of individuals to accomplish the common goals and targets. Leadership is born in a organization context, that is to say no organization or group then there can be no leadership. Leadership includes attention to goals, which means leadership has impacts in contexts where everybody is moving toward a goal. So leadership seems like a power relationship existing between leader and followers (Northouse ,2007). Management is defined realistically in the context of an organization. That is to say that management is a process which enables organizations to set and achieve their objective by planning organizing and controlling their recourses, including gaining motivation from their employees. Although it is being argued that the application of some managerialist approaches cause problems. In England and Wales, education is overseen by the department for education and department for business, innovation and skills. Almost all state-funded school are maintained schools funded by the government in which the local authority, Ofsted and the TDA are influential partners. In China Education is a state-run system of public education run by the Ministry of Education. In the basic education, the Chinese government, government established a uniform standard for basic education, to control the national curriculum, the system of enrollment examinations, and teacher qualifications level. Chinese education system is reforming, through studying advanced educational counties and excessive government control is being reduced. In relation, to this assignment, I want to explore to what extent management and leadership approaches adopted in England, and Wales have influenced management culture in the China and the impact trends on development of management and leadership style. I am particularly interested in exploring to what extent western approaches can be implemented in China. For example, which theories adopted in British might be applied in China and any weaknesses it might have minimized. I will explore what theories exert impact either positively or negatively in management system in British school. Taking it as a higher revelation ,which will give me consideration about my leadership and management styles. Specifically, through studying managerialism and bureau professionalism, organizational culture, leadership style (trait, style and transformation leadership theory), I will focus on the following: To explore how managerialism has been introduced to England and Wales and how it has impacted upon education management. To explore how government policy in China controls education and influences the actions of head teachers and school organizations Compare what happened in China with what happened in England The impact of that government controls have on head teachers in china and its implications for my own management style. Literature review 2.1)Managerialism in English Education (definition)Managerialism is a set of belief and practices, and it assumes that a better management can solve the various problem existing in public sectors(Pollitt,1993) Although there are different definitions of managerialism, as a fads and buzzwords, it has been given various names including, New public Management, New Managerialism, Entrepreneurial Governance and Neo-Taylorism (Power 1997 cide in McGrah. 2004) (Traits)Managerialism is introduced to England education for couple of decades. In fact it has been as a belief that effective leadership and management is considered as the most important element for operating successful schools and colleges (Bush 2004 cited in McGrath). Its traits were summarised by (Bush 2004) as followed: manaerialism , First, it empowers manager right to manage, which is rising the process of management above that which is to be managed. Secondly, it seems like cost centres and devolved budgets to achieve greater financial control. Thirdly, managerialism uses the contracts instead of the high-trust relationship to clear sub-units in order to atomising of large-scale organisation. Fourthly, managerialism use performance assessment to link the individuals aim and the objectives of organisation. The last but not least, a virtual-market environment is created , it promotes competition and transforms students into customers. As features of managerialism mentioned before, the better management and leadership have become requirement and a trend. Pollitt ( 1993, p49) stated that managerilaism is a the acceptable face of new-right thinking concerning the state. It is an ingredient in the pot pouring which can attract support beyond the new right itself. During the last two decades, Bush (1986, 1995,1999, 2004) also consistently claimed that effective leadership and management play a crucial role for the successful operation of schools and colleges. He (2004,p 2)suggested successful management requires a clear link between aims, strategy and operational management. In his view there are three aspects should be clear, that is: formal aims, organizational or individual aims and the determination of aims. Gunter (1997) accepted the same conception that managerialism has to emphasise the managerial efficiency rather than the direction at the achievement of educational objectives. Although the opposition to managerialism has never stopped, the government continually emphasise the effective management and leadership in school, college and universities as the means by which governmental and organisational goals may be achieved (Simkins 1999). However,a fact that managerialism have affected the development of education and society and the trend have shown that it will continue to play an important role in education system. 2.2 Leadership theories in common use in England schools Undoubtedly, managerialism needs high quality management or leadership and policy maker have placed great emphasis on the good leadership. So the model of leadership has been promoting. Although there is no unified definition of leadership at present, clearly, it is different with the management. Yukl(2002) and Northhouse (2007) described that leadership is an influenced process where individual influences a group or organization through his or her action and motivation. Bush(2004) clarified it used by three dimension to define the leadership which is a basis for develop a working definition. That is, leadership as influence, leadership and values , and leadership and vision . Because the significance of effective leadership has been increasingly acknowledged, researchers never stop to study and analyse leadership theories. In consequence, there are many leadership theories according to different concerns the style approach emphasized on and various social context. However, in England, every leader has their own leadership style which very often can be analysed using trait, style and transformational leadership. Trait theory is one of most important theories. It originated in the 19th century, is based on the Great Man theory of leadership. The Great man theory believes that a successful leader should have certain innate characteristics that make them special and concentrate on their success. Trait theory developed the Great man theory and emphasise on the identification and analysis of the superior qualities of leaders. This theory concentrate on the personality which are innate traits that leader requires. (Power 1997 cide in McGrah. 2004) As a theory, the traits leaders should be held have been studied since its birth. Although no one has been able to provide the definitive list of traits which are different between leaders and non-leaders, there are seven traits that have been considered important over the years. That is: self-confidence, intelligence, helicopter effect, persistence, integrity, motivation and responsibility, which emphasis on what qualities a leader should have is useful. (Power 1997 cide in McGrah. 2004) For the reason that trait theory is still important at present, two strengths should be mentioned. The greatest one is that it is very easy to understand, people likely think about what their leaders is and what their leaders should be like. Another great function of trait theory is that trait theory can be used to identify potential leadership candidate as a first sieve. These strengths also effect following new theories, but as a theory, the greatest weaknesses are also constrict its development. The greatest weakness is that the definitive list of traits has been argued. That is to say, if a new list is identified the recognized leader should be in dilemma, because they likely do not have all the traits specified. (Power 1997 cide in McGrah. 2004) Compared with trait theory that focus on the personality, style theory concerned with the behaviour. Northouse (2007) comment that In common, there are two general kinds of behaviour should be considered. One is task aids goal achievement and other is relational assists interpersonal support. Style theory seeks a way to help leader to effectively combine these two behaviours. As a theory, the greatest strength is that it established the idea that the leaders style is composed of two major components- task and relationship, more importantly, the key to good readership is finding the right balance, which changes the focus of research to what leaders do and how they act while it provides leaders with an insight into how others see them. However there are three doubts about this theory. First, how does style of leadership impacts on performance and attitude of staff. Secondly, whether is there a style that is effective in all situations? Thirdly, it does not take account of the context o r situation in which leadership is exercised. (Northouse 2007) Currently, the Transformation Leadership theory (TL) has become popularised in the educational leadership field. Transformation Leadership theory focuses on values, ethics standards and long-term goals. A connection leaders create is characterized, it is to raise the level of motivation and morality in both the leader and followers. Caldwell and Spinks (1992) commended that transformation leadership theory is crucial for self-manage schools. As opposite to them, Bennett et al(2003) argued that because this theory put too much on the top leader as a heroic figure and encourage manipulation of followers, it gave rise to overemphasis on conception of distributed leadership. Similarly, Bush(2004) discussed that transformational model is popular in the literature but the contemporary policy climate cannot provide enough condition for its growth, because the English system increasingly requires school leaders to adhere to government prescriptions which affect aims, curriculum, content and pedagogy as well as values(Bush 2004,p78). As a same opinion, Bottery (2001) gave a the same view that the more centralized , more directed, and more controlled educational system that has dramatically reduced the possibility of realising a genuinely transformational education and leadership. However, transformational leadership theory is consistent with the collegial model in which a challenge should be faced is that leaders and staffs have shared values and common interests. 2.3) government control of education in China. Whenever, just like most countries, education is a Long-Term Priority in China, it has never been ignored by Chinese government Since the founding of New China, the Chinese government has always attached great importance to education, It is establishing the worlds largest education system.(Basic Education in China(2010)). The Ministry of Education (2009) stated that in the last 3 decades of reform and opening up, China has been unremitting efforts to explore a path of educational development with Chinese characteristics. It is well-known that education system is controlled by central government. Centrol government was in charge of basic education and high education before the market economy replaced the planning economy in 1985. That is to say, the curriculum and leaders and teachers management were all administrated by government. Accordingly, the leadership and management in school were driven by government and its policy at that time. After 1985, educational system was no longer compatible with the prevailing economic system and social needs, there was a transition happened in the highly centralized administrative system of education.(Su 2004). National Conference on Education implemented policy The reforms were intended to expand their management and decision-making powers, this policy gave administrators the necessary encouragement and authority to ensure smooth progress in educational reform. Lee (2006)gave a clear explanation that the local governments were given some administrative powers. The basic education was mainly the responsibility of local governments. In higher education and vocational education, colleges and universities were more independent decisions-making power. Furthermore, the investment system underwent a gradual change under which the state made unified development plans and provided budgetary appropriations for education. The second great changes taken place in Chinese education in 1993 after the speech of the making ones rounds austral Deng Xiaoping is published. Education Law of the Peoples Republic of China states that the Ministry of Education is responsible for formulating guiding principles for education, establishing regulations, planning the progress of educational projects with expanded administrative scope and power and it is co-ordinating the educational programs of different departments, and standardization educational reforms. In short, The Ministry of Education is highest power of education in China. Despite that the new Ministry assumed a central role in the administration of education, the reform decentralized much of the power it previously wielded and its constituent offices and bureaus, which had established curriculum and admissions policies in response to the State Planning Commissions requirements. In summary, Location management is running in basic education and excessive government control over colleges and universities was reduced ( the Ministry of education) than before. there are considerable autonomy and variations in and among the autonomous regions, provinces, and special municipalities. Management and leadership approaches used in China Due to a fact that some managerialism in china is borrowed from westerns, so some parallels can be drawn between the Chinese case and its Western counterparts in terms of the public management including educational management. For example, Devolution of educational management from the central to the local level was the means chosen to improve the education system. Devolution refers to the transfer of authority to an autonomous unit that can act independently, or a unit that can act without first asking permission. (Bray, 1999) Lee and Lo( 2001 )agreed with the ideas from Massey (1993), Ferlie (1996) and continued to claim that In the west, the theme of reinventing government is ideologically embedded in the current of the new right. It promoted the three Es (efficiency, effectiveness, and economy) in the public management, and advocates profit, property rights and markets to substitute for the mechanisms of power in the restructuring of public administration. In the Chinese context, the remaking of public maintaining to the role of top policy makers, the assessment of the state capacity, the dilemma between the state hierarchy and market mechanisms and the controversy of property rights. During the reform ear, the top Chinese policy makers have been trying to gain not only a realistic policy making role for the party-state at the macro level, but also feasible approaches in the remaking of public management at the micro levels. Compare between in china and uk Despite a fact that critique to government control has existed, government control in education system has placed in differently level in Britain and China. China is country whose educational system is ran by state, before 1985, the government controlled over the education system since 1949, that is to say the Chinese government is the most powerful to manage education through all educational policies made by Chinese Communist Party. For instance, government monitored implementation of its policies at all educational institutions by its party committees. Almost every head teacher and senior management is member of Chinese communist party. The orientation of educational institution guided by policies made central government. Notably, there was a change happened in the national conference on education in 1985, the establishment of the ministry of education symbolised some coordination of education. Although State Council (central government) still played the central role in the adminis tration of education and the new ministry of education is in charge of all organisations, the decentralisation to constituent educational bureaus and local governments, as a rudiment, has established, which had power in different level to establish curriculum and admissions policies. Education law of the peoples republic of China (Article 14) state that: The State Council and all local Peoples government at different levels shall supervise and manage the educational work according to the principle of management by different levels and division of labour with individual responsibility. Secondary and lower education shall be managed by the local Peoples government under the leadership of the State Council. Higher education shall be managed by the State Council and the Peoples government of province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government. By contrast, in England and Wales, the school leaderships are reduced to implement the policies and values of government and its agencies (Bush 2004.p 4). The government is very appreciative of school leadership who continue to give their time and energy to the voluntary work of serving on school governing bodies.() Although governments have the constitutional power to impose their will but successful innovations require the commitment of those who have to implement these chances in the England and Wales (Bush 2004.p 4). He explained if the teachers and leaders believe the policies are not suitable for teaching and learning, which should give to rise to lack of passion and enthusiasm to implement an initiative. Therefore, government should appreciate school to have visionary leadership as long as the visions and values of school are closed with government imperatives. Bush argued that what extent the leadership is able to modify government policy depends on school-level values and vision. Similarly, Furlong (2002) claimed that professionals have been status of teachers because of increased government control of education. That is to say, in England and Wales, professionalism is allowed to exist only by the grace of central government due to the central monitoring of teacher performance. (Bush, 2004 p5) Governing bodies and individual governors should also review their effectiveness and carry out self evaluation of their own skills and evaluate the skill set possessed by the governing body as a whole so that any skills gaps can be met. Governors should also receive defined information to enable them to challenge and hold the school leadership team to account (Reflection- to what extent could that trait, style and transformational leadership used in china (500-750) Based on a fact, leadership theory , mostly, is copy from western leadership theory, so there are three phases. They are: trait, style and transformational leadership theory. Exactly, trait theory is the oldest theory either in western or in china, this theory is not solely copy of the Great Man theory, but it is based on Great Man theory, summarized the common traits of successful leaders. It is way it currently, is still useful. One reason is that it provide a ideal for us to look for a leader. On the other hand, want-to-be leaders can use it to identify their basic personality that they need to work on if they want to be considered a leader. In china, if you want to work as a leader in educational institution, the basic qualities as first sieve should be required, they are as followed: Intelligence: leaders should have professional knowledge and be intellect to deal with issues and problems. Self-confidence: it is quite different between leaders and their followers. No matter how hard the leaders confront with challenges, leaders should be confident to tackle them, it is not fake it but positive to seek effective way due to a believe you can deal with them. Helicopter effect and motivation: China is a country whose thought is more collective, as a leader, she or he should be able to encourage everyones aim to be same with organization. leaders need to motivate not only themselves but also staff. Persistence: as good quality, the leader must have it. As leaders in education, they should meet challenges, obstacles and results that are not expected. Never giving up and keeping forward are ever objectives. Integrity: helicopter effect come from respect and trust and integrity is foot of respect and trust. Responsibility: leaders should put responsibility before accountability. As time goes by, the trait theory has not content to leadership needs, style theory,as supplement, is used at educational system. China is a country who requires good relationship. The style theory provides a way to find the right balance for task and relationship. Task aids goal achievement while relational assists interpersonal support. With popularity of transformational leadership theory in western, this theory is permeating to China. It is part of the new leadership paradigm that give more attention to the charismatic and effective elements of leadership. It meet the needs of todays work groups who want to be inspired and empowered to succeed in times of uncertainty, because this theory focus on the intrinsic motivates and followers development. It provide easier way for leaders to combine the aim of organization and individuals targets. It is more humanism, and it consider emotions, values, ethics, standards and long-term goals and includes assessing followers motives, satisfying their needs and treating as full human beings. That is why this theory is broad researched and applied in China. These three theories have their own strengths and weaknesses, how to exert their advantages and avoid their disadvantages is strategy and tactic. Conclusion :500sieve three most important things you have learn In conclusion, therefore, it can be seen that despite widespread opposition to managerialism, like everything in the world, there are two sides, the dark side of managerialism is overstate. managerialism has become a dominant ideology in educational management either in England and Wales or in China. It is a production of development of society. Notably, as we can see, the application of managerialist approach can cause some problem. However, managerialism emphasizes on managers right to manage. It is typified by a set of practice including the assumptions, techniques, ideas and behaviours, so the practice of management is raised above importance of the function being managed. So the introduction of manageriamlism led to a greater emphasis being place on management and leadership as these skills were necessary to meet the new requirements. According managerialism, government needs the good management and leadership to control education. However, the government policy cannot be change d by leaderships who develop alternative approaches based on school-level. In other words, governments in England and Wales have the constitutional power to impose their will but successful innovations require the commitment of those who have to implement these changes; while in China, central government control and management at different level, on the one hand, kept stable of educational development; on the other hand, it led to limitation of innovation. Management and leadership As a predominant ideology in educational management, managerialism needs the effective management and leadership that also are required by governmenal and organizational goals. Management is of mind. It is important. As a science, it is concerned with now and here, which means manager need to do things right; while leadership is concerned with future, as a art, leadership is sole and heart, it need to do right things. So management and leadership, in most time, could not be divided. Indeed, leadership theories have provide a dramatically different view of the driving forces behind leadership. As is mentioned before that in England the trait, style and transformational leadership are very often analysed by most leaders even if they have their own leadership style. During the process of development of leadership theory, the researchers and leaders have been looking for the best way to obtain the sense and avoid their weakness. This is why some good strengths of old theory (traits and style theory) are still important for today. With the development of leadership theory, the new theories always fit requirement of age in order to fit effective management and leadership. Areas of weakness in what you have done I have done my best to show in this essay that management and leadership in educational system in England and Wales and China. Because the aims of education are more diffuse and contested. As is known that aims are tied up with peoples values and beliefs. So management and leadership in education should be different with other public areas. In addition, because of the differences of context and tradition in different countries, management and leadership in China and England are in different way, although it is in very subtle, implicit ways. The analysis and discussion have been showen, some of these were somewhat out of date. although it is not clear which leadership style is the best for England and China, at least, the strengths and weakness mentioned before are meaningful for further research. if it is merely reflecting the way for me to see my own leadership style. However, in the long run, negative effect of managerialiam and leadership theories should be attractive my eyes. As we know that things will change, but only slowly. research in these areas is important, the eventual solution would identify the better way to manage schools, colleges and universities in other words, a greater respect for aims of education to look for a fittest management method.

Paracetamol and Rheumatic Pain Management

Journal Article Critique HCA 220 Kayla Dye 3/3/2013 Wanda Carter This article explains what pains the elderly suffer from. Musculoskeletal pain in mentioned to be the most common. It mentions the causes being rheumatic pain, different types of arthritis, and non curable conditions such as tendonitis and bursitis. It states that pain management can either be treated with pharmaceuticals or non pharmaceuticals. Education of the patient of treatment is important in order to maintain good health with non pharmaceuticals.With pharmaceuticals are also offered but are mentioned to be â€Å"cost-effective† and since they contain â€Å"NSAIDs† there is less risk for harmful effects with effective relief of symptoms. Any of the pharmaceuticals that the elderly use should be used with caution because of sensitivity and drug interactions. This requires attention and adjustments of dosages to avoid risk and be beneficial at the same time. This article states there are four broad cat egories of treatment which include analgesics, NSAIDs, even stronger analgesics, and adjuvant drugs.With all these drugs they should be maintained efficiently throughout the period of treatment and physicians should be aware of the effects. The goals that are discussed with patients and physicians should be realistic for the pain management to be effective. They are ways to help side effects of rheumatic pain such as helping sleep disturbance, fatigue, and mood disorders. For any of this to be effective educational efforts must still be involved with the patient and healthcare professional perspectives. An accurate diagnosis for rheumatic pain management will help if the patients are realistic as this article states.These treatments should be multimodal, but pay attention to the health of the patient. The best outcome would be to have a great impact on the pain and improve their lives and with the wider range of options of treatment that can make it possible and help physicians with musculoskeletal aches and pains that occur in the elderly. Some implications that healthcare professionals could have are that pain characteristics, disability levels, and psychological factors such as depression and anxiety could affect the prognosis of musculoskeletal pain.Variables that are associated with poor outcomes for musculoskeletal pain could include the return of pain and complaints within a short time period, lack of education, use of pain medication, and even more bothersome pain occurring. There are important implications of expanded testing and treatment for musculoskeletal pain. Innovation has often outpaced clinical science, leaving uncertainty about the efficacy and safety of many common treatments. Complications and even deaths related to pain management are increasing. Despite uncertainties, manufacturers aggressively promote new drugs and devices.However, trust in the science supporting these products is eroded by revelations of misleading advertising, allegat ions of kickbacks to physicians,  and major investments by surgeons in the products they are investigating. Associate Level Material Medical Terminology Breakdown Break down 10 medical words from your chosen article. Place the component parts in the correct boxes. Copy and paste this template into your Week Eight paper. | Medical Word| Prefix| Combining form| Suffix| Definition| 1|   rheumatic| Rheumat/o| Rheumat/o-ic| ic| Watery flow. 2| osteoarthritis| Osteo/o | Osteo/o-arthr/o-itis| itis| A form of arthritis, occurring mainly in older persons, that is characterized by chronic degeneration of the cartilage of the joints. | 3| arthritis| Arthr/o| Anthr/o-itis| itis| Inflammation of a joint. | 4| tendinitis| Tendin/o| Tendin/o-itis| itis| Inflammation of a tendon. | 5| bursitis| Burs/o| Burs/o-itis| itis| Inflammation of a bursa. | 6| acetaminophen| A/o| a-ceto/o-mino/o-pheno/o-en| en| Analgesic drug used as an alternative to aspirin. 7| analgesic| Ana/o| Ana/o-ges-ic| ic| Pain killer| 8| musculo-skeletal| Musculo/o| Musculo/o- skelet/o-al | al| Pertaining to or comprising the skeleton and muscles. | 9| pharmacological| Pharmac/o| Pharmac/o-log/o-ic-al| al| The science of drugs, including their composition, uses, and effects. | 10| intra-articular| Intra | Intra/-articul/o-ar| ar| Within a joint. | References Fitzcharles, M. -A. , Lussier, D. , & Shir, Y. (2010). Management of chronic arthritis pain in the elderly. Drugs & Aging,  27(6), 471.

Arts In The Education Of Young Children Education Essay

Art is an first-class signifier for immature kids to show feelings, thoughts and their apprehensions about themselves and the environing as they see it. They enjoy experiences in ocular art, music, play, motion and dance. Piaget ‘s influence of drama a critical human features besides categorise drama as activities of humanistic disciplines such as playing music, doing and executing dramas, painting images and reading novels. These experiences allow them to be originative, inventive and expressive ( Swanwick, 1988 ) . Loris Malaguzzi as cited in McArdle ( 2003 ) states that humanistic disciplines open a window of chances for kids to utilize a 100 linguistic communications, a 100 custodies, a 100 ideas, a 100 ways of thought, of playing and speech production. My statement on the importance of humanistic disciplines in immature kids instruction will be with specific illustrations from ocular and music. Fraser ( 2005 ) states that in many parts of the universe the preschools have rich resources of art stuffs like clay, pigments, montage stuffs and play dough available but rarely integrated into the plan. The instructors rarely promote the kids make usage of the stuffs other than for centripetal geographic expedition. In our preschool and many other preschools in Singapore it is merely displayed as a show piece to demo new walk in parents coming in for questions that such resources are available but they are non liberally used in the plan. Duffy ( 1998 ) states that to elicit kids ‘s originative and inventive experiences sufficient infinite to work and easy accessible resources must be offered to them. The esteemed Reggio Emilia early childhood plan that Singaporeans believe has a civilization of holding pedagogues who consider art non in isolation but integrated as one of the 100 linguistic communications kids use to look into and stand for the universe ( Fraser, 2005 ) . An i llustration will be exposing clay, wood, stones, shells and dried grass that are beautifully laid on the tabular array for kids to believe how birds use clay to construct their nests and the instructor scaffold the kids to propose how the kids can research with the stuffs themselves. These art signifiers provide immature kids with chances for self-awareness, societal interaction, geographic expedition, use that stimulate their senses and enhances their acquisition and originative thought. Spencer ( as cited in Swanwick, 1988 ) states that art should non be dissociable from instruction as leisure but occupy the leisure portion of instruction. Pulling is cardinal to all ocular communicating and yet in a recent study by Clement in1994, 60 per centum of the instructors do non cognize how it might best be taught and they requested further in service preparation if they are to learn the art course of study ( Cooke, Griffin and Cox, 1998 ) . Cooke, et Al. ( 1998 ) states that pulling arouses imaginativeness and it helps in entering their observations in other countries of course of study. The beauty of the kids ‘s work in Reggio ‘s 100 linguistic communications of kids, exhibit the undertakings that utilize kids ‘s symbolic linguistic communications, which include pulling, painting and building clay modeling. Cooke, et Al. ( 1998 ) states that representational drawing are ocular communicating which is comparatively easy to read and is used in different civilizations at different times throughout history. Children in Reggio Emilia usage drawing as the fastest and most direct manner of seting their thoughts across and doing them seeable. This processes show the kids ‘s manner of doing sense of the universe through representation. They spontaneously use pulling as a linguistic communication to stand for their thoughts to show their emotions and pass on the thought of immature kids. Kolbe ( 2001 ) states that ocular humanistic disciplines is an unbelievable powerful tool that enables kids to explicate things to themselves and to others. Children understand their potencies for personal looks by experimenting with art stuffs and procedures. They develop good motor control, linguistic communication and job resolution schemes, societal accomplishments and aesthetic consciousness and grasp. Children early exposure to ocular humanistic disciplines in Reggio Emilia enable them to hold deep apprehension of making high quality art. They are introduced to line, coloring material, forms and signifier, form and texture. Lines are everyplace and kids are introduced to forms such as long, short, thick, fat, heavy, thin horizontal, perpendicular, diagonal, jagged, smooth, uninterrupted and broken. Children are besides introduced to the names of colors as primary and blending two primary colorss to do secondary colorss and observe sunglassess of colorss such as warm, cool, dull, light, pale and dark. Shape and signifier refers to the country of an object or image, lines or colorss that create boundaries within a image that create forms. Children can pass hours gleefully making three-dimensional representations of things they see utilizing clay, dough or blocks and introduced to vocabulary such as unit of ammunition, ellipse, trigon, wide, narrow and broad. In images and three-dimensional graphicss, kids can look out for represented or contrasting colorss, lines, forms or combinations of these elements. Texture refers to the haptic quality of objects, either in existent life or simulated by combination of art elements in a image. Children may look for and screen out objects of different texture to make a image. They could besides look at a image and conjecture if an object is unsmooth, smooth, furred, prickly, slippery, difficult or soft. The rules of the ocular humanistic disciplines are unity, beat, proportion, design, balance, harmoniousness, contrast and repeat. Pulling picture and working with clay hence should be the nucleus countries of ocular art plans and should be offered daily, so that kids come to understand and utilize these media for cognitive and expressive intents. There are cumulative phases in a kid ‘s development and as psychologist, Eleanor Maccoby ( as cited in Swanwick, 1988 ) mentioned that development occur in a consecutive order and Maccoby ( as cited in Swanwick, 1988 ) mentioned that the series of kids ‘s imperfect development is at a reasonably standard timetable. Swanwick ( 1988 ) states that the influencing factors are the familial heritage and the environment illustration the place, school and society where the kid is exposed. Piaget ( as cited in Swanick,1988 ) states that feeling of power is the pleasance of a kid researching and get the hanging the environment and an illustration is the babe larning to reiterate a vocal sound or agitate a rattling continuously. Music is representational and Swanwick ( 1988 ) states that the kid is able to copy and the kid is able to make new relationship through imaginativeness. Swanwick ( 1988 ) besides states that the critical human features play is per se bound with playing musi c. A kid ‘s self-generated music behavior through Piaget ‘s theory of meaningful drama triggers imaginativeness than the structured music instruction. Winston ( 2010 ) states that playing is a verb applicable to the originative procedure illustration instrumentalists with melodious and harmonic possibilities to the development of accomplishments practised through playing. The right hemisphere of the encephalon maps and probes have shown that the right encephalon has particular maps of the sensuous, the spatial and the intuitive that all helps in the imaginativeness procedure ( Swanwick, 1988 ) . If instructors work with a standardized theoretical account, the kids ‘s inventive qualities are lost as they are tuned merely to the creative activity of music of what the instructor ‘s learn them to compose ( Young and Glover, 1998 ) . Learning music is bound by the theoretical trigon of command, imitation and imaginativeness and the rhythm is continues with the kid ‘s different phases of growing and besides when larning a different musical instrument. A kids ‘s first response to the music before they turn one twelvemonth old is the tone by larning to reiterate what they hear and master the tone. The following phase will be copying the physical motion in relation to the beat of the music and it occurs between 18 months and 2 old ages old. Around the age of four kids are able to build inventive vocals and to scaffold their cognition a good acquisition environment is essential.Their natural intrinsic musical endowment the kid manifest can be farther developed through extrinsic schoolroom larning environment. Andress states that music play country should pull kids to trip wonder so that they will be motivated to affect in doing and reacting to music. Opportunities should be given to kids to make their ain music with broad picks of musical instruments available and besides to listen to others music and learn to copy the music that they prefer. Music should be integrated as portion of the plan in the schoolroom and pick of single and group musical activities should be provided. The activities should be combination of child-directed or grownup facilitated as a group. The type of musical activities can be composing and improvizing with instruments and voice, notating, listening to music, playing instruments, singing invented or canonic vocals. The activities can be interconnected to complement one type of activity to do it more lively and disputing for the kids. The adults function will be placing the kids ‘s potency and help the kids in developing their musical competency and enjoyment. The importance of humanistic disciplines can merely be felt and appreciated if the lead comes from the Education Ministry. Singapore instruction system is structured with accent on the degree Celsius onfucius philosophy on meritocracy. They give strong support in the acquisition of Science and Mathematics related topics but really small support on humanistic disciplines. Gifted kids on Science and Mathematics ( Ministry of Education, 2012 ) are identified at an early age of nine and specially groomed to heighten their familial capablenesss. Parents by and large feel that Science and Mathematics are more of import than humanistic disciplines and many kids who have natural endowment and involvement in humanistic disciplines are non given the chance to supply an environment. Our authorities besides do non supply avenues for kids with natural endowments in humanistic disciplines to be identified and specially groomed. I am besides one of the luckless individual whereby I loved ocular hum anistic disciplines but I was non given an chance because during my clip technology topics were favoured so that we can procure successful and high salary calling when we grow up. If importance in humanistic disciplines is given at the primary and higher degree instruction I believe parents perceptual experience on the importance and the demand for presenting humanistic disciplines at an early age will alter. This will promote preschool pedagogues to give more accent on incorporating humanistic disciplines in the pre-school course of study as day-to-day activities.